Journal Articles

1. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Cherkin, Daniel C.; Schneeweiss, Ronald; Hart, L. Gary; Greenwald, Howard; Kirkwood, C. Richard; Perkoff, Gerald T. The Structure and Content of Family Practice: Current Status and Future Trends. Journal of Family Practice, October 1982: 681-725.

2. Schneeweiss, Ronald; Rosenblatt, Roger A., Cherkin, Daniel C.; Kirkwood, C. Richard; and Hart, L. Gary. Diagnosis Clusters: A New Tool for Analyzing the Content of Ambulatory Medical Care. Medical Care, January 1983: 105-122.

3. Evans, Roger W.; Manninen, Diane L.; Garrison, Louis P., Jr.; Hart, L. Gary. The Use of Rehabilitation Services by Patients with Chronic Renal Failure: Results from the National Kidney Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Study. American Association of Nephrology Nurses and Technicians Journal, October 1983: 19-25.

4. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Cherkin, Daniel C.; Schneeweiss, Ronald; and Hart, L. Gary. The Content of Ambulatory Medical Care in the United States: An Interspecialty Comparison. New England Journal of Medicine, October 13, 1983: 892-897.

5. Greenwald, Howard, P.; Peterson, Malcolm L.; Garrison, Louis P., Jr.; Hart, L. Gary; Moscovice, Ira A.; Hall, Thomas L.; and Perrin, Edward B. Interspecialty Variation in Office-Based Care. Medical Care, January 1984: 14-29.

6. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Schneeweiss, Ronald; Cherkin, Daniel C.; and Hart, L. Gary. Inpatient Diagnosis Clusters: Analyzing Hospital Care in Family Practice. Journal of Family Practice, January 1984: 93-101.

7. Cherkin, Daniel C.; Rosenblatt, Roger A.; and Hart, L. Gary. The Impact of Residency Training in the Productivity of Family Physicians. Inquiry, Summer 1984: 152-160.

8. Evans, Roger W.; Hart, L. Gary; and Manninen, Diane L. A Comparative Assessment of the Quality of Life of Successful Kidney Transplant Patients According to Source of Graft. Transplant Proceedings, October 1984: 1353-1358.

9. Evans, Roger W.; Manninen, Diane L.; Gersh, Bernard J.; Hart, L. Gary; and Rodin, Jonathan. The Need For and Supply of Donor Hearts for Transplantation. The Journal of Heart Transplantation, November 1984: 57-60.

10. Schneeweiss, Ronald; Cherkin, Daniel C.; and Hart, L. Gary. The Effect of Including Secondary Diagnoses on the Description of the Diagnostic Content of Family Practice. Medical Care, November 1984: 1058-1063.

11. Evans, R.W.; Manninen, D.L.; Maier, A.; Garrison, L.P.; and Hart, L. Gary. The Quality of Life of Kidney and Heart Transplant Recipients. Transplantation Proceedings, February 1985: 1579-1582.

12. Evans, Roger W.; Manninen, Diane L., Garrison, Louis P.; Hart, L. Gary, Blagg, Christopher R.; Gutman, Robert A.; Hull, Alan R.; and Lowrie, Edmund G. The Quality of Life of Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease. New England Journal of Medicine, February 28, 1985: 553-559.

13. Evans, Roger W.; Manninen, Diane L.; Hart, L. Gary; and Garrison, Louis P. The National Kidney Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Study; Selected Findings - Part III. Contemporary Dialysis and Nephrology, November 1985: 41‑42.

14. Evans, Roger W.; Manninen, Diane L.; Hart, L. Gary; and Garrison, Louis P. The National Kidney Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Study; Selected Findings - Part IV. Contemporary Dialysis and Nephrology, December 1985: 60-61.

15. Schneeweiss, R.; Cherkin, D.C.; Hart, L. G.; Revicki, D.; Wollstadt, L. J.; Stephensen, M.; Froom, J.; Dunn, E.; Tindall, H. L.; and Rosenblatt, R. A. Diagnostic Clusters - Adapted for the International Classification of Disease (ICD-9-CM) and the International Classification of Health Problems in Primary Care (ICHPPC-2). Journal of Family Practice, January 1986: 45-48.

16. Evans, Roger W.; Manninen, Diane L.; Hart, L. Gary; and Garrison, Louis P. The National Kidney Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation Study; Selected Findings - Part V. Contemporary Dialysis and Nephrology, January 1986: 45-48.

17. Greenwald, Howard P. and Hart, L. Gary. Issues in Survey Data on Medical Practice: Some Empirical Comparisons. Public Health Reports, September-October 1986: 540-546.

18. Cherkin, Daniel C.; Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Hart, L. Gary; and Schleiter, Mary Kay. A Comparison of the Patients and Practices of Recent Graduates of Family Practice and General Internal Medicine Residency Programs. Medical Care, December 1986: 1136-1150.

19. Cherkin, Daniel C.; Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Hart, L. Gary; Schneeweiss, Ronald; and LoGerfo, James. The Use of Medical Resources by Residency-Trained Family Physicians and General Internists: Is There a Difference? Medical Care, June 1987: 455-469.

20. Hart, L. Gary and Evans, Roger W. The Functional Status of ESRD Patients as Measured by the Sickness Impact Profile. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 1987 (Supplement 1): 117S-130S.

21. Cherkin, Daniel C.; Hart, L. Gary; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Patient Satisfaction with Family Physicians and General Internists: Is There a Difference? Journal of Family Practice, May 1988: 543-551.

22. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Mayfield, Jennifer A.; Hart, L. Gary; and Baldwin, Laura-Mae. Outcomes of Regionalized Perinatal Care in Washington State. Western Journal of Medicine, July 1988: 98-102.

23. Schneeweiss, Ronald and Hart, L. Gary. Diagnostic Content of Ambulatory Primary Care: Implications for Resource Utilization. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, August 1988: 13-22.

24. Schneeweiss, Ronald; Ellsbury, Kathleen; Hart, L. Gary; and Geyman, John P. The Economic Impact and Multiplier Effect of a Family Practice Clinic on an Academic Medical Center. Journal of the American Medical Association, July 21, 1989: 370-375.

25. Hart, L. Gary; Amundson, Bruce A.; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Is There a Role for the Small Rural Hospital? Journal of Rural Health, April 1990: 101-118.

26. Nesbitt, Thomas S.; Connell, Frederick A.; Hart, L. Gary; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Access to Obstetric Care in Rural Areas: Effect on Birth Outcomes. American Journal of Public Health, July 1990: 814-823.

27. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Weitkamp, Gretchen; Lloyd, Michael; Schafer, Bruce; Winterscheid, Loren C.; and Hart, L. Gary. Why Do Physicians Stop Practicing Obstetrics? The Impact of Malpractice Claims. Obstetrics and Gynecology, August 1990: 245-250.

28. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Whelan, Amanda; and Hart, L. Gary. Obstetric Practice Patterns in Washington State After Tort Reform: Has the Access Problem Been Solved? Obstetrics and Gynecology, December 1990: 1105-1110.

29. Baldwin, Laura-Mae.; Hart, L. Gary; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Differences in the Obstetric Practices of Obstetricians and Family Physicians in Washington State. Journal of Family Practice, May-June 1991: 295-299.

30. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Bovbjerg, Randall R.; Whelan, Amanda; Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Hart, L. Gary; and Long, Constance. Tort Reform and the Obstetric Access Crisis: The Case of the WAMI States. Western Journal of Medicine, June 1991: 693-699.

31. Hart, L. Gary; Pirani, Michael J.; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Causes and Consequences of Rural Small Hospital Closures from the Perspectives of Mayors. Journal of Rural Health, Summer 1991: 222-245.

32. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Mayfield, Jenifer A.; and Hart, L. Gary. Neonatal Mortality Clusters: A New Tool for Classifying Neonatal Outcomes. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice, September-October 1991: 299-306.

33. Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Larson, Eric H.; Hart, L. Gary; Greer, Thomas; Lloyd, Michael; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Characteristics of Physicians with Obstetric Malpractice Claims Experience. Obstetrics and Gynecology, December 1991: 1050-1054.

34. Lishner, Denise M.; Amundson, Bruce A.; and Hart, L. Gary. The WAMI Rural Hospital Project. Part 2: Changes in the Availability and Utilization of Health Services. Journal of Rural Health, Fall 1991: 492-510.

35. Hart, L. Gary; Lishner, Denise M.; and Amundson, Bruce A. The WAMI Rural Hospital Project. Part 5: Community Perception of Local Health Care Services. Journal of Rural Health 6 (Fall 1991): 542-559.

36. Welch, H. Gilbert; Larson, Eric H.; Hart, L. Gary; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Readmission After Surgery in Washington State Rural Hospitals. American Journal of Public Health, March 1992: 407-411.

37. Greer, Thomas; Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Wu Rae; Hart Gary; and Rosenblatt Roger A. Can Physicians Be Induced to Resume Obstetric Practice? Journal of the American Board Family Practice, July-August 1992: 407-412.

38. Larson, Eric H.; Hart, L. Gary; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Rural Residence and Poor Birth Outcome in Washington State. Journal of Rural Health, Summer 1992: 162-170.

39. Williamson, Harold S. Jr.; Rosenblatt, Roger A.; and Hart, L. Gary. Physician Staffing of Small Rural Hospital Emergency Departments: Rapid Change and Escalating Cost. Journal of Rural Health, Summer 1992: 171-177.

40. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Whitcomb, Michael E.; Cullen, Thomas J.; Lishner, Denise M.; and Hart, L. Gary. Which Medical Schools Produce Rural Physicians? Journal of the American Medical Association, September 23, 1992: 1559-1565.

41. Whitcomb, Michael E.; Cullen, Thomas J.; Hart, L. Gary; Lishner, Denise M.; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Comparing the Characteristics of Schools that Produce High Percentages and Low Percentages of Primary Care Physicians. Academic Medicine, September 1992: 587-591.

42. Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Greer, Thomas; Wu, Rae; Hart, Gary; Lloyd, Michael; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Differences in the Obstetric Malpractice Claims Filed by Medicaid and Non-Medicaid Patients. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice, November-December 1992: 623-627.

43. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Whitcomb, Michael E.; Cullen, Thomas J.; Lishner, Denise M.; and Hart, L. Gary. The Effect of Federal Grants on Medical Schools’ Production of Primary Care Physicians. American Journal of Public Health, March 1993: 322-328.

44. Blount, Wayne B; Hart, Gary; and Ehreth, Jenifer L. A Description of the Content of Army Family Practice. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice, 6 (March-April) 1993: 143-152.

45. Hart, L. Gary; Robertson, Deborah G.; Lishner, Denise; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. CEO Turnover in Rural Northwest Hospitals. Hospital and Health Services Administration, 38 (Fall) 1993: 353-374.

46. Pirani, Michael J.; Hart, L. Gary; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Physician Perspectives on the Causes of Rural Hospital Closure, 1980-1988, Journal of the American Board of Family Practice, 6 (November-December) 1993: 556-562.

47. Geyman, John P. and Hart, L. Gary. Primary Care at a Crossroads: Progress, Problems, and Future Projections, Journal of the American Board of Family Practice, 7 (January-February) 1994: 60-70.

48. Williamson, Harold S. Jr.; Hart, L. Gary; Pirani, Michael J.; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Rural Hospital Inpatient Surgical Volume: Cutting-Edge Service or Operating on the Margin? Journal of Rural Health, 10 (Winter) 1994: 16-25.

49. Larson, Eric H.; Hart, L. Gary; and Hummel, Jeffrey. Rural Physician Assistants: A Survey of Graduates of MEDEX Northwest. Public Health Reports, 109 (March-April) 1994: 266-274.

50. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Sanders, Gregory R.; Tressler, Carolyn J.; Larson, Eric H.; Nesbitt, Thomas S.; Hart, L. Gary. The Diffusion of Obstetric Technology into Rural U.S. Hospitals. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 10 (3) 1994: 479-489.

51. Williamson, Harold S. Jr.; Hart, L. Gary; Pirani, Michael J.; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Market Shares for Rural Inpatient Surgical Services: Where Does the Buck Stop? Journal of Rural Health 10 (Spring) 1994: 70-79.

52. Blount, Wayne B; Hart, L. Gary; and Ehreth, Jenifer L. A Comparison of the Content of Army Family Practice with Nonfederal Family Practice. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice 7 (September-October) 1994: 395-402.

53. Lishner, Denise M.; Robertson, Deborah G.; Rosenblatt, Roger A.; and Hart, L. Gary. Educational and Geographic Career Pathways of Rural vs. Urban Hospital Administrators. Hospital and Health Services Administration 39 (Fall 1994): 359-367.

54. Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Raine, Tina; Jenkins, Laura; Hart, L. Gary; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Do Providers Adhere to ACOG Standards? The Case of Prenatal Care. Obstetrics and Gynecology 84 (October 1994): 549-556.

55. Dobie, Sharon A.; Hart, L. Gary; Fordyce, Meredith; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Do Women Choose Their Obstetric Providers Based on Risks at Entry into Prenatal Care? A Study of Women in Washington State. Obstetrics and Gynecology 84 (October 1994): 557-564.

56. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Hart, L. Gary; Gamliel, Sandy; Goldstein, Brian; and McClendon, B. Jerald. Identifying Primary Care Disciplines by Analyzing the Diagnostic Content of Ambulatory Care. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice 8 (January-February 1995): 1-12.

57. Hart, L. Gary; Deyo, Richard A.; and Cherkin, Daniel C. Physician Office Visits for Low Back pain: Frequency, Clinical Evaluation, and Treatment Patterns from a U.S. National Survey. Spine 20 (January 1995): 11-19.

58. Grossman, David; Hart, L. Gary; Rivara, Frederick P.; Maier, Ronald V.; and Rosenblatt, Roger. From Roadside to Bedside: The Regionalization of Trauma Care in a Remote Rural County. Journal of Trauma 38 (January 1995): 14-21.

59. Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Hart, L. Gary; West, Peter A.; Norris, Tom E.; Gore, Edmond; and Schneeweiss, Ronald. Two Decades of Experience in the University of Washington Family Medicine Residency Network: Practice Differences Between Graduates in Rural and urban Locations. Journal of Rural Health 11 (Winter 1995): 60-72.

60. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Dawson, Andrew J.; Larson, Eric H.; Tressler, Carolyn J.; Jones, Anthony; Hart, L. Gary; and Nesbitt, Thomas S. A Comparison of the Investment in Hospital-Based Obstetrical Ultrasound in Wales and Washington State. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 11 (3, 1995): 571-584.

61. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Rick Mattis; and Hart, L. Gary. Abortions in Rural Idaho: Physicians’ Attitudes and Practices. American Journal of Public Health 85 (October(10) 1995): 1423-1425.

62. Hart, L. Gary; Pirani, Michael J.; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Most Rural Towns Lost Physicians After Their Hospitals Closed. Rural Development Perspectives 10 (October (1), 1994): 17-21.

63. Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Hart, L. Gary; Lloyd, Michael; Fordyce, Meredith; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Defensive Medicine and Obstetrics. Journal of the American Medical Association 274 (November 22/29, 1995 (20)): 1606-1610.

64. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Saunders, Greg; Shreffler, Jean; Pirani, Michael J.; Larson, Eric H.; and Hart, L. Gary. Beyond Retention: National Health Service Corps Participation and Subsequent Practice Locations of a Cohort of Rural Family Physicians. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice 9 (January-February 1996): 23-30.

65. Pan, Shihua; Geller, Jack M.; Muus, Kyle J.; and Hart, L. Gary. Predicting the Degree of Rurality of Physician Assistant Practice Location. Hospital and Health Services Administration 41 (Spring 1996): 105-119.

66. West, Peter A.; Norris, Thomas E.; Gore, Edmond J.; Baldwin, Laura-Mae; and Hart, L. Gary. The Geographic and Temporal Patterns of Residency-Trained Family Physicians: University of Washington Family Practice Residency Network. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice 9 (March-April 1996): 100-108.

67. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Macfarlane, Alison; Dawson, Andrew J.; Cartlidge, Patrick H. T.; Larson, Eric H.; and Hart, L. Gary. The Regionalization of Perinatal Care in Wales and Washington State. American Journal of Public Health 86 (July (7), 1996): 1011-1015.

68. Muus, Kyle J.; Geller, Jack M.; Ludtke, Richard L.; Pan, Shihua; Kassab, Cathy; Luloff, A.E.; Hart, L. Gary. Comparing Urban and Rural Primary Care PAs: Implications for Recruitment. Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants 9 (August (8) 1996): 49-60.

69. Hart; L. Gary; Dobie, Sharon A.; Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Pirani, Michael J.; Fordyce, Meredith; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Rural and Urban Differences in Physician Resource Use for Low-Risk Obstetrics. Health Services Research 31 (October (4), 1996): 429-452.

70. Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Greer, Thomas; Hart, L. Gary; Wu, Rui; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. The Effect of a Comprehensive Medicaid Expansion on Physicians’ Obstetric Practices in Washington State. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice 9 (November-December (6) 1996): 418-421.

71. Nesbitt, Thomas S.; Larson, Eric H.; Rosenblatt, Roger A.; and Hart, L. Gary. Access to Maternity Care in Rural Washington: Its Effect on Neonatal Outcomes and Resource Use. American Journal of Public Health 87 (January (1) 1997): 85-90.

72. Hart, L. Gary; Wagner, Edward; Pirzada, Sarmad; Nelson, Andrew; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Physician Staffing Ratios in Staff-Model HMOs: A Cautionary Tale. Health Affairs 16 (January-February (1), 1997): 55-70.

73. Melzer, Sandy; Grossman, David; Hart, L. Gary; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Hospital Services for Rural Children in Washington State. Pediatrics 99 (February (2) 1997): 196-203.

74. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Dobie, Sharon A.; Hart, L. Gary; Schneeweiss, Ronald; Gould, Debra; Raine, Tina R.; Benedetti, Thomas J.; Pirani, Michael J.; and Perrin, Edward B. Interspecialty Differences in the Obstetric Care of Low-Risk Women. American Journal of Public Health 87 (March (3) 1997): 344-351.

75. Neighbor, Bill; Baldwin, Laura-Mae; West, Peter; and Hart, L. Gary. Rural Hospitals’ Experience with the National Practitioner Data Bank. American Journal of Public Health 87 (April (4) 1997): 663-666.

76. Larson, Eric H.; Hart, L. Gary; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Is Non-Metropolitan Residence a Risk Factor for Poor Birth Outcome in the U.S.? Social Science and Medicine 45 ((2) 1997): 171-188.

77. Cullen, Thomas J.; Hart, L. Gary; Whitcomb, Michael E.; Lishner, Denise M.; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. The National Health Service Corps: Rural Physician Service and Retention. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice 10 (July-August (4) 1997): 272-279.

78. Dobie, Sharon A.; Hart, L. Gary; Fordyce, Meredith; Andrilla, Holly; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Obstetric Care and Payment Source: Do Low-Risk Medicaid Women Get Less Care? American Journal of Public Health 88 (January (1) 1998): 51-56.

79. Dunbar, Peter J.; Mayer, Jonathan D.; Fordyce, Meredith A.; Lishner, Denise M.; Hagopian, Amy; Spanton, Ken; and Hart, L. Gary. Availability of Anesthesia Personnel in Rural Washington and Montana. Anesthesiology 88 (March (3) 1998): 800-808.

80. Saver, Barry; Casey, Susan; Lishner, Denise; House, Peter; and Hart, L. Gary. Antitrust Immunity in Rural Washington State: A Good Answer, But What’s the Question? Journal of Rural Health 14 (Winter (1) 1998): 59-65.

81. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Hart, L. Gary; and Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Chan, Leighton; and Schneeweiss, Ronald. The Generalist Role of Specialty Physicians: Is There a Hidden System of Primary Care? Journal of the American Medical Association 279 (May 6 (17) 1998): 1364-1370.

82. Muus, Kyle J.; Geller, Jack M.; Williams, John D.; Ludtke, Richard L.; Knowlton, Douglas D.; and Hart, L. Gary. Job Satisfaction Among Rural Physician Assistants. Journal of Rural Health 14 (Spring (2) 1998): 100-108.

83. Geller, Jack M.; Weier, Andrew; Muus, Kyle J.; and Hart, L. Gary. A Comparison of Practice Characteristics Among Physician Assistants in HMO and Non-HMO Settings. Journal of Rural Health 14 (Spring (2) 1998): 121-128.

84. Chan, Leighton; Houck, Peter; Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Hart, L. Gary; and Baldwin, Laura-Mae. Influenza Vaccinations of Washington State Medicare Beneficiaries Seen by Physiatrists in the Outpatient Setting in 1994. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 79 (June, 1998): 599-603.

85. Jenkins-Woelk, Laura D.; Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Raine, Tina R.; Hart, L. Gary; Fordyce, Meredith A.; Rosenblatt, Roger A. Influence of Provider Characteristics and Insurance Status on Maternal Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein Screening. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice 11 (November (11), 1998): 357-365.

86. Dobie, Sharon A.; Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Fordyce, Meredith A.; Andrilla, C. Holly A.; and Hart, L. Gary. How Well Do Birth Certificates Describe the Pregnancies They Report? The Washington State Experience with Low-Risk Pregnancies. Maternal and Child Health Journal 2 ((3), 1998): 145-154.

87. Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Hart, L. Gary; Oshel, Robert; Fordyce, Meredith A.; Cohen, Robin; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Hospital Peer Review and the National Practitioner Data Bank: Clinical Privileges Action Reports. Journal of the American Medical Association 282 ((4) July 28, 1999): 349-355.

88. Dobie; Sharon A.; Hart, L. Gary; Glusker, Ann; Madigan, David; Larson, Eric H.; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Abortion Services in Rural Washington State, 1983-1984 to 1993-1994: Availability and Outcomes, Family Planning Perspectives 31 (September/October (5), 1999): 241-245.

89. Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Schneeweiss, Ronald; Lishner, Denise M.; and Hart, L. Gary. Rural and Urban Physicians: Does the Content of Their Medicare Practices Differ? Journal of Rural Health 15 (Spring (2) 1999): 240-251.

90. Morrill, Richard; Cromartie, John; and Hart, L. Gary. Metropolitan, Urban, and Rural Commuting Areas: Toward a Better Depiction of the United States Settlement System. Urban Geography 20 (November/December (8) 1999): 727-748. This was the initial article that introduced Rural-Urban Commuting Areas (RUCAs).

91. Larson, Eric; Hart, L. Gary; Goodwin, Mary-Katherine; Geller, Jack; and Andrilla, Catherine. Dimensions of Retention: A National Study of the Locational Histories of Physician Assistants. Journal of Rural Health 15 (Fall (4) 1999): 391-402.

92. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Wright, George E.; Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Chan, Leighton; Clitherow, Peter; Chen, Frederick M.; and Hart, L. Gary. The Effect of the Doctor-Patient Relationship on Emergency Department Use among the Elderly. American Journal of Public Health 90 (January (1) 2000): 97-102.

93. Dobie, Sharon A.; Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Glusker, Ann; Madigan, David; and Hart, L. Gary. Reproductive Health Services in Rural Washington State: Scope of Practice and Provision of Medical Abortions, 1996-1997. American Journal of Public Health 90 (April (4) 2000): 624-626.

94. Lishner, Denise M.; Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Baldwin, Laura-Mae; and Hart, L. Gary. Emergency Department Use by the Rural Elderly. Journal of Emergency Medicine 18 ((3) 2000): 289-297.

95. Geyman, John P.; Hart, L. Gary; Norris, Thomas E.; Coombs, John B.; and Lishner, Denise M. Educating Generalist Physicians for Rural Practice: How Are We Doing? Journal of Rural Health 16 (Winter (1) 2000): 56-80.

96. Hagopian, Amy; House, Peter; Dyck, Sarah; LeMire, Joyce; Billett, Daniel; Knievel, Mark; and Hart, L. Gary. The Use of Community Surveys for Health Planning: The Experience of 56 Northwest Rural Communities. Journal of Rural Health 16 (Winter (1) 2000): 81-90.

97. Doescher, Mark; Ellsbury, Kathleen; and Hart, L. Gary. The Distribution of Rural Female Generalist Physicians in the United States. Journal of Rural Health 16 (Spring (2) 2000): 111-118.

99. Ellsbury, Kathleen E.; Doescher, Mark P.; and Hart, L. Gary. U.S. Medical Schools and the Rural Family Physician Gender Gap. Family Medicine 32 (May (5) 2000): 331-337.

100. Rosenblatt, Roger A. and Hart, L. Gary. Physicians and Rural America. Western Journal of Medicine 173 (November (5) 2000): 348-351.

101. Ricketts, Thomas C.; Hart, L. Gary; and Pirani Michael. How Many Rural Doctors Do We Have? Journal of Rural Health 16 (Summer (3) 2000): 198-207

102. Fink, Kenneth S.; Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Lawson, Herschel W.; Chan, Leighton; Rosenblatt, Roger A.; and Hart, L. Gary. The Role of Gynecologists in Providing Primary Care to Elderly Women. Journal of Family Medicine 50 ((2) 2001): 153-158.

103. Larson, Eric L.; Ballweg, Ruth; and Hart, L. Gary. National Estimates of Physician Assistant Productivity. Journal of Allied Health 30 (Fall (3) 2001): 146‑152.

104. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Chan, Leighton; Fordyce, Meredith A.; Hirsch, Irl B.; Palmer, Jerry P.; Wright, George E.; and Hart, L. Gary. Improving the Quality of Outpatient Care for Older Patients with Diabetes: Lessons from a Comparison of Rural and Urban Communities. Journal of Family Practice 50 ((8) 2001): 676-680.

105. Grossman, David; Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Casey, Susan; Nixon, Brigette; Hollow, Walter; and Hart, Gary. Disparities in Infant Health Among American Indians and Alaska Natives in U.S. Metropolitan Areas. Pediatrics 109 (April (4) 2002): 627-633.

106. Norris, Thomas E.; Hart, Gary; Larson, Eric; Tarczy-Hornoch, Peter; Masuda, David; Fuller, SherriLynne; House, Peter; and Dyck, Sarah. Low-Bandwidth, Low-Cost Telemedicine Consultations In Rural Family Practice. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice 15 (March-April (2) 2002): 123-127.

107. Hart, L. Gary; Salsberg, Edward; Phillips, Debra; and Lishner, Denise. Rural Health Care Providers in the United States. Journal of Rural Health 18 (Supplemental (5) 2002): 211-232.

108. Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Grossman, David C.; Casey, Susan; Hollow, Walter; Sugerman, Jonathan R.; Freeman, William L.; and Hart, L. Gary. Perinatal and Infant Health Among Rural and Urban American Indians/Alaska Natives. American Journal of Public Health 92 (September (9) 2002): 1491-1497.

109. Ellsbury, Kathleen E.; Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Johnson, Karin E.; Runyan, Susan J.; and Hart, L. Gary. Gender-Related Factors in the Recruitment of Physicians to the Rural Northwest. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice 15 (2002): 391-400.

110. Cherkin DC, Deyo RA, Sherman KJ, Hart LG, Street JH, Hrbek A, Cramer E, Milliman B, Booker J, Mootz R, Barassi J, Kahn JR, Kaptchuk TJ, Eisenberg DM. Characteristics of Licensed Acupuncturists, Chiropractors, Massage Therapists, and Naturopathic Physicians. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice 15 ((5) 2002): 378-390.

111. Cherkin DC, Deyo RA, Sherman KJ, Hart LG, Street JH, Hrbek A, Davis RB, Cramer E, Milliman B, Booker J, Mootz RD, Barassi J, Kahn JR, Kaptchuk TJ, Eisenberg DM. Characteristics of Visits to Licensed Acupuncturists, Chiropractors, Massage Therapists, and Naturopathic Physicians. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice 15 ((6) 2002): 463-472.

112. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Schneeweiss, Ron; Hart, L. Gary; Casey, Susan; Andrilla, C. Holly; and Chen, Frederick M. Family Medicine Training in Rural Areas. Journal of the American Medical Association 288 (September 4 (9) 2002): 1063-1064.

113. Chen, Frederick M.; Phillips, Robert L. Jr.; Schneeweiss, Ronald; Andrilla, Holly A.; Hart, L. Gary; Fryer, George E., Jr.; Casey, Susan; and Rosenblatt, Roger A. Accounting for Graduate Medical Education Funding in Family Practice Training. Family Medicine 34 ((9) 2002: 663-668.

114. Schneeweiss, Ronald; Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Dovey, Susan; Hart, L. Gary; Chen, Frederick M.; Casey, Susan; and Fryer, George E., Jr. The Effects of the 1997 Balanced Budget Act on Family Practice Residency Training Programs. Family Medicine 35 (February (2) 2003): 93-99.

115. Taylor, Pat; Blewett, Lynn; Brasure, Michelle; Call, Kathleen Thiede; Larson, Eric; Gale, John; Hagopian, Amy; Hart, L. Gary; Hartley, David; House, Peter; James, Mary Katherine; and Ricketts, Thomas. Small Town Health Care Safety Nets: Report On a Pilot Study. Journal of Rural Health 19 (Spring 2003): 125-134.

116. Thompson, Matthew J.; Skillman, Susan M.; Johnson, Karin; Schneeweiss, Ronald; and Hart, L. Gary. Guam Conference on Structure and Content of Continuing Clinical Education Programs, Pacific Health Dialogue. 9 ((1 2002)): 119-122.

117. Thompson, Matthew J.; Schneeweiss, Ronald; Johnson, Karin; Skillman, Susan M.; Ellsbury, Kathleen; and Hart, L. Gary. Assessing Physicians’ Continuing Medical Education (CME) Needs in the U.S.-Associated Pacific Basin Jurisdictions. Pacific Health Dialogue. 9 ((1) 2002): 11-16.

118. Probst, Janice C., Samuels, Michael E.; Shaw, Terry V.; Hart, L. Gary; and Daly, Charles. The National Health Service Corps and Medicaid Inpatient Care: Experience in a Southern State. Southern Medical Journal 96 (August (8) 2003): 775--783.

119. Grumbach, Kevin; Hart, L. Gary; Mertz, Elizabeth; Coffman, Janett; and Pallazzo, Lorella. Who is Caring for the Underserved? A Comparison of Primary Care Physicians and Non-physician Clinicians in California and Washington. Annals of Family Medicine. 1 (August 2003): 97-104.

120. Larson, Eric; Palazzo, Lorella; Berkowitz, Bobbie; Pirani, Michael J.; and Hart, L. Gary. The Contribution of Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants to Generalist Care in Washington State. Health Services Research 38 ((4) 2003): 1033-1050.

121. Hagopian, Amy; Thompson, Matthew J.; Kaltenbach, Emily; and Hart, L. Gary. Health Departments’ Use of International Medical Graduates in Physician Shortage Areas: A Report On the Implementation of the Conrad 20 Program of J-1 Visa Waivers For Physicians in Underserved Areas. Health Affairs 22 (September/October (5) 2003): 241-249.

122. Hart, L. Gary; Norris, Thomas; and Lishner, Denise. Rural and Urban Family Physician Attitudes About Physician-Assisted Suicide in Washington State. Journal of Rural Health 19 (Fall (4) 2003): 461-469.

123. Hagopian, Amy; Thompson, Matthew J.; Kaltenbach, Emily; and Hart, L. Gary. The Role of International Medical Graduates in America’s Small Rural Critical Access Hospitals. Journal of Rural Health 20 (Winter (1) 2004): 52-58.

124. Benedetti, Thomas J.; Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Andrilla, Holly A.; and Hart, L. Gary. The Productivity of Washington State’s Obstetrician-Gynecologist Workforce: Does Gender Make a Difference. Obstetrics & Gynecology 103 (March (3) 2004): 499-505.

125. Baldwin, Laura-Mae; MacLehose, Richard F.; Hart, L. Gary; Beaver, Shelli K.; Every, Nathan; and Chan, Leighton. Quality of Care for Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rural and Urban U.S. Hospitals. Journal of Rural Health 20 (Spring (2) 2004): 99-108.

126. Chan, Leighton; Hart, L. Gary; Ricketts, Thomas C.; and Beaver, Shelli K. An Analysis of Medicare’s Incentive Payment Program for Physicians in Health Professional Shortage Areas. Journal of Rural Health 20 (Spring (2) 2004): 109-117.

127. Hagopian, Amy; Thompson, Matthew J.; Fordyce, Meredith; Johnson, Karin E.; and Hart, L. Gary. The Migration of Physicians from Sub-Saharan Africa to the United States of America: Measures of the African Brain Drain. Human Resources For Health 2 (December 14, 2004 (17), 2004): 1-16.

128. Johnson, Karin E.; Skillman, Susan M.; Ellsbury, Kathleen E.; Thompson, Matthew J.; and Hart, L. Gary. Updating Hospital Reference Resources in the United States-Associated Pacific Basin: Efforts of the Pacific Islands Continuing Clinical Education Program (PICCEP). Journal of the Medical Library Association 92 (October (4), 2004): 495-497. Available at: http://www.human-resources-health.com/home/.

129. Thompson, Matthew J.; Lynge, Dana C.; Larson, Eric H.; Tachawachira, Pantipa, and Hart, L. Gary. Characterizing the General Surgery Workforce in Rural America. Archives of General Surgery 140 (January (1), 2005): 74-79.

130. Jackson, J. Elizabeth; Doescher, Mark P.; Jerant AF; and Hart, L. Gary. A National Study of Obesity Prevalence and Trends by Type of Rural County. Journal of Rural Health 21 (Spring (2) 2005); 140-148.

131. Hagopian, Amy; Ofosu, Anthony; Fatusi, Adesegun; Birtwum, Richard; Essel, Ama; Hart, L. Gary; and Watts, Carolyn. The Flight of Physicians from West Africa: Views of African Physicians and Implications for Policy. Social Science and Medicine. 61 ((8) 2005): 1750-1760.

132. Hart, L. Gary; Larson, Eric H.; and Lishner, Denise M. Rural Definitions for Health Policy and Research. American Journal of Public Health. 95 (July (7) 2005): 1149-1152.

133. Jackson, J. Elizabeth; Doescher, Mark P.; Saver, Barry G.; and Hart, L. Gary. Trends in Professional Advice to Lose Weight Among Obese Adults, 1994-2000. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 20 ( September (9) 2005): 814-818.

134. Dobie, Sharon A.; Hagopian, Amy; Kirlin, Beth A., and Hart, L. Gary. Wyoming Physicians Are Significant Providers of Safety Net Care. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice. 18 (November-December (6) 2005): 470-477.

135. Kaplan, Louise; Brown, Marie-Annette; Andrilla, Holly; and Hart, L. Gary. Barriers to Autonomous Practice. The Nurse Practitioner. 31 (Jamuary (1) 2006): 57-63.

136. Johnson, Karin E; Hagopian, Amy; Veninga, Catherine; and Hart, L. Gary. The Changing Geography of Americans Graduating from Foreign Medical Schools. Academic Medicine 81 (February (2) 2006): 179-184.

137. Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Patanian, Miriam M.; Larson, Eric H.; Lishner, Denise M.; Mauksch, Larry B.; Katon, Wayne J.; Walker, Edward; Hart, L. Gary. Modeling the Mental Health Workforce in Washington State: Using State Licensing Data to Examine Provider Supply in Rural and Urban Areas. Journal of Rural Health. 22 (Winter (1) 2006): 50-58.

138. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; C. Andrilla A., Holly; Curtin, Thomas; and Hart, L. Gary. Shortages of Medical Personnel at Community Health Centers: Implications for Planned Expansion. Journal of the American Medical Association 295 (March 1 (9) 2006): 1042-1049.

139. Doescher, Mark P.; Jackson, J. Elizabeth; Jerant, Anthony; and Hart, L. Gary. Prevalence and Trends in Smoking: A National Rural Study. Journal of Rural Health. 22 (Spring (2) 2006): 112-118.

140. Chan, Leighton; Hart, L. Gary; and Goodman, David C. Geographic Access to Health Care for Rural Medicare Beneficiaries. Journal of Rural Health. 22 (Spring (2) 2006): 140-146.

141. Skillman, Susan M.; Palazzo Lorella; Keepnews, David; and Hart, L. Gary. Characteristics of Registered Nurses in Rural Versus Urban Areas: Implications for Strategies to Alleviate Nursing Shortages in the United States. Journal of Rural Health 22 (Spring (2) 2006): 151-157.

142. Jackson, J. Elizabeth; Doescher, Mark P.; and Hart, L. Gary. Problem Drinking: Rural and Urban Trends in America, 1995/1997 to 2003. Preventive Medicine 43 (August (2) 2006): 122-124.

143. Rosenblatt, Roger A.; Hagopian, Amy; Andrilla, Holly A.; and Hart, L. Gary. Will Rural Family Medicine Residency Training Survive? Family Medicine 38 (November-December (10) 2006): 706-711.

144. Kaplan, Louise; Brown, Marie-Annette; Andrilla, Holly; and Hart, L. Gary. Washington State Nurse Anesthetist Workforce: A Case Study. American Association of Nurse Anesthetists Journal 75 (February (1) 2007): 37-42.

145. Hart, L. Gary; Skillman, Sue M.; Fordyce, Meredith A.; Thompson, Matthew J.; Hagopian, Amy; and Konrad, T. Robert. International Medical Graduate Physicians in the United States: Changes Since 1981. Health Affairs 26 (June (4), 2007): 1159-1169.

146. Danaher, Brian G.; Hart, L. Gary; McKay H. Garth; and Severson, Herbert H. Measuring Participant Rurality in Web-Based Interventions. BioMed Central (BMC) Public Health 7 (August 31, 2007): (http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/7/228).

147. Larson, Eric H.; and Hart, L. Gary. Growth and Change in the Physician Assistant Workforce in the United States, 1967-2000. Journal of Allied Health 36 (Fall (3), 2007): 121-130.

148. Lynge, Dana C.; Larson, Eric H.; Thompson, Matthew J.; Rosenblatt, Roger A.; and Hart, L. Gary. A Longitudinal Analysis of the General Surgery Workforce in the United Sates. 1981-2005. Archives of Internal Medicine, 143 (April 14 (4), 2008): 345-350.

149. Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Hollow, Walter B.; Casey, Susan; Hart, L. Gary; Larson, Eric H.; Moore, Kelly; Lewis, Ervin; Andrilla, C. Holly A.; and Grossman, David C. Access to Specialty Health Care for Rural American Indians in Two States. Journal of Rural Health 24 (Summer (3) 2008): 269-278.

150. Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Cai, Yong; Larson, Eric H.; Dobie, Sharon A.; Wright, George E.; Goodman, David C.; Matthews, Barbara; and Hart, L. Gary. Access to Cancer Services for Rural Colorectal Cancer Patients. Journal of Rural Health 24 (Fall (4) 2008): 390-399.

Papers In Press

151. Baldwin, Laura-Mae; Grossman, David C.; Murowcheck, Elise; Larson, Eric H.; Hollow, Walter B.; Sugarman, Jonathan R.; Freeman, William L.; and Hart, L. Gary. National Trends in the Perinatal and Infant Health of Rural American Indians (AIs) and Alaska Natives (ANs): Have the Disparities Between AI/ANs and Whites Narrowed? American Journal of Public Health.

152. Thompson, Matthew J.; Hagopian, Amy; Fordyce, Meredith; and Hart, L. Gary. Do International Medical Graduates (IMGs) "Fill the Gap" in Rural Primary Care in the United States? A National Study. Journal of Rural Health. Will be in Spring 2009 issue.

153. Skillman, Sue M.; Palazzo, Lorella; Hart, L. Gary; and Keepnews, David. Who Are Registered Nurses Whose Licenses Expire and Will They Re-Enter the Workforce? Nursing Economics.

154. Chen, Frederick; Fordyce, Meredith; and Hart, L. Gary. Which Medical Schools Produce Rural Physicians? A 15-Year Update. Academic Medicine.

155. Chan, Leighton; Giardina, Nicholas; Rubenfeld, Gordon; Baldwin, Laura-Mae; and Hart, L. Gary. Rural Use of Oxygen by Medicare Beneficiaries Geographic Differences in Use of Home Oxygen for Obstructive Lung Disease: A National Study. Journal of Rural Health.

156. Baldwin, Laura-Mae; et al., and Hart, L. Gary. Acute Myocardial Infarction: Decade Changes. Journal of Rural Health.

157. Hart, L. Gary. Rural Health Workforce Status and Issues. Bureau of Health Professions, January 2009. Report included as background paper.

158. Hart, L. Gary; Skillman, Susan M.; Bond, Eleanor; Dall, Tim. Evaluation of the Division of Nursing Demonstration Program: Expedited Baccalaureate Education for Rural Registered Nruses Using Distance Learning. Final Report. May 1, 2009. In press as a HRSA BHPr Division of Nursing monograph. (94 pages)

Manuscripts Currently Under Review

159. Andrilla, Holly; Kaplan, Louise; Brown, Marie-Annette; and Hart, L. Gary. Rural-Urban Practice Patterns of Nurse Practitioners in Washington State. Journal of Rural Health.

160. Andrilla, Holly and Hart, L. Gary. Washington State Dental Hygienists.

161. Fordyce, Meredith; Chen, Frederick; and Hart, L. Gary. Physician Distribution in the United States. Journal of Rural Health.

162. Skillman, Sue M.; Palazzo, Lorella; Hart, L. Gary; and Butterfield P. Changes in the Rural Registered Nurse Workforce from 1980 to 2004.

End 10/8/09

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